DFG Projekt

A Critical Art History of International and World Expositions – Decentering Fashion and Modernities

www.decentering-world-expositions.com

Das Forschungsprojekt ist eine Kooperation der Technischen Universität Darmstadt, der Universität der Künste Berlin und des Deutschen Forums für Kunstgeschichte Paris (DFK Paris) und wird von der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft gefördert (2022-2025).

Leiterinnen des Projekts

Teilprojekt: „Fashioning the World: Decentering Style and Modernity at World’s Fairs“

Prof. Dr. Alexandra Karentzos

TU Darmstadt

Teilprojekt: „De-/Colonial Modernities: Representing ‘Peripheries’ at World’s Fairs“

Prof. Dr. Miriam Oesterreich

UdK Berlin

Alphonse Mucha (1860 – 1939): St. Louis World's Fair 1904.
Alphonse Mucha (1860 – 1939): St. Louis World's Fair 1904.

Die Weltausstellungen des 19. und frühen 20. Jahrhunderts haben wichtige Impulse für die Geschichte der Kunst und Mode gesetzt. Beide waren seit Beginn der Weltausstellungen feste Bestandteile nationaler Selbst-Präsentationen. In dem Forschungsprojekt sollen Kunst und Mode im Kontext der Weltausstellungen grundlegend aufgearbeitet werden.

Damit kommt das Vorhaben drei Desideraten nach:

Erstens werden Kunst- und Modemetropolen dezentriert: Nicht nur wurde die ganze Welt auf den internationalen Ausstellungen en miniature zusammengebracht, sondern auch Objekte und Artefakte aus den unterschiedlichsten Bereichen von Technik, Handwerk, Kunst und Mode wurden in einem holistischen Modell vereint, die in der Idee des „Gesamtkunstwerks“ reflektiert wurden. Weltausstellungen haben solche Zentren des Sehens und Zeigens geschaffen und dienten dazu, Paris als Kunst- und Modemetropole zu etablieren, abgegrenzt von seinen „Peripherien“, wie den Repräsentationen der Kolonien, die im Gegensatz dazu als traditionell und ‚authentisch‘ präsentiert wurden.

Zweitens werden die damit verbundenen Modernekonstruktionen im Kontext eines „critical globalism“ hinterfragt. Die Inszenierung 'moderner' Kunst als 'nationale Schulen', die zeitgleich entstanden, war auch eine Möglichkeit, künstlerische Metropolitanität und 'Peripherie' im transnationalen Rahmen der Weltausstellungen zu verhandeln. In diesem Sinne spielten Weltausstellungen eine wichtige Rolle in einem Modernitätswettbewerb, in dem westliche Nationen als industriell, künstlerisch und modisch ‚fortschrittlich‘ galten. Besonders Lateinamerika als ‘noch nicht modern’, aber auch nicht mehr kolonisiert, nimmt im Kontext der Weltausstellungen eine ambivalente Stellung ein.

Drittens erhalten Kunstgeschichte und Fashion Studies eine neue Perspektive, indem die Verflechtungen von Kunst und Mode im Kontext der Weltausstellungen mit postkolonialer und der dekolonialer Theoriebildung fundiert werden. Solche Ansätze sind insbesondere geeignet, die Ambivalenzen herauszuarbeiten, da sie binäre Konstruktionen von Zentrum und Peripherie, Moderne und Tradition durch eine Vervielfältigung der Perspektiven erweitern.

Das Forschungsprojekt arbeitet die „entangled histories“ von Kunst und Mode auf Weltausstellungen vor dem Hintergrund von Kolonialismus, Imperialismus und Globalisierung heraus.

Anhand von Case-Studies in den beiden folgenden Schwerpunktbereichen sollen wesentliche Erkenntnisse darüber gewonnen werden, wie im vielschichtigen Kontext der Weltausstellungen Kunst und Mode miteinander verbunden wurden: 1. “Fashioning the World” (geleitet von Prof. Dr. Alexandra Karentzos) wird auf die Rolle von Mode und Textilien im globalisierten Kontext künstlerischen Austauschs auf Weltausstellungen scharfstellen; und 2. “De-/Colonial Modernities: Representing ‘Peripheries’ at World’s Fairs” (geleitet von Prof. Dr. Miriam Oesterreich) wird auf die ambivalente Position Lateinamerikas in Form `peripherer` Re-/Präsentationen fokussieren.

Aktuelles

Study Day: The Fashion of the ‘Gesamtkunstwerk’: Decentering Art Nouveau Style at International Exhibitions

  • Date
    March 22-23, 2024
  • Location
    Georg-Christoph-Lichtenberghaus (Darmstadt)

„Maison Moderne“ – programmatically, the advertizing poster by artist Manuel Orazi, displayed at the Exposition Universelle in Paris in 1900, proclaims a ‘new style’: the ornamentally dressed young woman, enthroned on a curved chair in front of a display of vases and figurines, merges with the interior and becomes an allegory of modernity and consumption herself.

More Information on the Project Page

Tobias Scholze
Tobias Scholze

Guest Lecture: The World Pictures. Universal Exhibitions & Photography

  • Guest lecture by Prof. Dr. Alejandra Uslenghi (Northwestern University)
  • Response by Dr. Friedhelm Schmidt-Welle (Ibero-American Institute Berlin)
  • Tuesday, 12 September 6 pm c.t.
  • Medienhaus, Grunewaldstr. 2-5, 10823 Berlin

hybrid via webex

Content

World Fairs were highly constructed events that sought to represent the entire world in a single fairground, resourcing to all kinds of visual technologies and media in creating an exhibitionary complex and massive spectacle informed by industrial-era theories of progress and the rhetoric of imperialism.

The theatrical display of art objects, images, and material culture reinforced the representations of cultural otherness as well as hierarchical classifications that sought to make the modern capitalist world intelligible to a modern mass audience.

Design: Tobias Scholze unter Verwendung einer Fotografie von Hippolyte Blancard: Pavilions of Argentina, Bolivia and Venezuela partially seen through the base of the Eiffel Tower. Universal Exposition, Paris, 1889. Bibliotheque nationale de France. Estampes et Photographie.
Design: Tobias Scholze unter Verwendung einer Fotografie von Hippolyte Blancard: Pavilions of Argentina, Bolivia and Venezuela partially seen through the base of the Eiffel Tower. Universal Exposition, Paris, 1889. Bibliotheque nationale de France. Estampes et Photographie.

Photography, since the first London 1851 Exhibition, accompanied the expansion of this visual culture phenomenon as it itself developed in multiple forms and practices; photography was at the core of the exhibitions’ forms of visualization, an object of display itself, and it served to document and perpetuate the legacy of the fairs.

This presentation will examine the diverse roles photography played within the exhibitions putting in perspective the crafting of images for documentary registers of alterity and racialized subjects; the use of photographs in the production of frameworks of intelligibility in territorial surveys and extractivist practices; as well as the deployment of photography in the creation of counter-archives that allowed for epistemic resistances to these regimes of visibility.

In an arch that covers historically several key exhibitions both in Europe and the Americas — Centennial Philadelphia Exhibition in 1876; the Paris exhibitions of 1889 and 1900 when the first international congress of photography took place — we interrogate the photographic archive of World’s Fairs and its contested cultural meanings.

The lecture will be held in English and presented by Elena Nustrini and Miriam Oesterreich.

The lecture will be responded by Dr. Friedhelm Schmidt-Welle (Ibero-American Institute Berlin)

The lecture is part of the DFG-funded research project „A Critical Art History of International and World Exposition – De/Centering Fashion and Modernities“ (UdK Berlin/TU Darmstadt)

Study Day: De-/centering World’s Fairs: Representing Latin American ‘Peripheries’ in Arts and Fashion

  • Date
    September 20-21, 2023
  • Location
    Deutsches Forum für Kunstgeschichte Paris
    Hôtel Lully
    45, rue des Petits Champs
    F-75001 Paris

The world’s fairs of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries gave rise to significant impulses in the histories of art and fashion. From the very beginning – and this is particularly true for the five expositions universelles held in Paris between 1855 and 1900 – both were fixed components of nations’ self-presentations at the world’s fairs. Diverse artistic genres and artistic conceptions, as well as fashion, clothing, and textiles played a leading role in the construction of national, cultural, or ethnic identities.

More Information on the Project Page

Design: Tobias Scholze unter Verwendung einer Lithographie der Exposition Universelle 1889, Maison de la Belle Jardinière, Méxique, Lith. H. Sicard Paris © iconothèque MNATP
Design: Tobias Scholze unter Verwendung einer Lithographie der Exposition Universelle 1889, Maison de la Belle Jardinière, Méxique, Lith. H. Sicard Paris © iconothèque MNATP

Dr. Alejandra Uslenghi is Associate Professor in Latin American literature and culture and Comparative Literary studies at Northwestern University. She specializes in modernist literature and visual culture, with an emphasis on the history of photography, and critical theory and philosophy of the image.

She has also researched the visual phenomenon of world fairs both in Europe and the Americas. She is the author of Latin America at fin-de-siècle Universal Exhibitions: Modern Cultures of Visuality (Palgrave, London and New York, 2016); the editor of Walter Benjamin: Culturas de la imagen (Eterna Cadencia, Argentina, 2010) and co-editor of La cámara como método. La fotografía moderna de Grete Stern y Horacio Coppola (Eterna Cadencia, Argentina, 2021).

Her essays on 19th-century visual culture have appeared in Revista Estudios Hispánicos; Revista Hispánica Moderna and more recently in the volume Latin American Literature in Transition, 1870-1930 (Cambridge University Press, 2022). Her essays on modern photography have been published in Journal of Latin American Cultural Studies and newly in The Routledge Companion to Twentieth and Twenty-First Century Latin American Literary and Cultural Forms (Routledge, London, 2022).

Professor Uslenghi also regularly contributes essays to contemporary Latin American artists and photographers' projects, such as Oscar Muñoz. Invisibilia (Phoenix Art Museum and Hirmer Publishers, 2021); Gonzalo Elvira. Leer el sueño (Centro de Arte de Burgos, 2022) and has written for art catalogs, such as Art – Latin America. Against the Survey (edited and curated by James Oles, Davis Museum and University of Texas Press, 2019) and Who says, Who shows, What counts: Thinking about History with the Block's Collection (Northwestern University, 2021).

DFG Projekt Team

Professorinnen

Prof. Dr. phil. Alexandra Karentzos

TU Darmstadt

Alexandra Karentzos CV

Alexandra Karentzos, Dr. phil., ist Kunst- und Kulturwissenschaftlerin und seit 2011 Professorin für Mode und Ästhetik an der Technischen Universität Darmstadt.

Prof. Dr. Miriam Oesterreich

UdK Berlin

Miriam Oesterreich CV

Miriam Oesterreich, Dr., ist seit dem Sommersemester 2021 Professorin für Theorie der Gestaltung/Gender Studies an der Universität der Künste Berlin.

Doktorandinnen

Lizzy Rys, M.A.

TU Darmstadt

Lizzy Rys CV

Lizzy Rys, M.A., is a Ph.D. student at the Technical University of Darmstadt where she researches fashion on Belgian World Fairs of the Nineteenth Century.

She obtained her Master in Art History at the Ghent University in 2023.

Journal Article

  • Rys, Lizzy. “Mme D’Aubreby Van Swae (1829-1902),” Tijdschrift voor Interieurgeschiedenis en Design 45 (2023), pp. 107-110, coming 2024.
  • Rys, Lizzy. “Elisabeth D’Aubreby Van Swae (1829-1902).Casestudy van een Brusselse couturière in negentiende-eeuws Europa,” Tijdschrift voor Interieurgeschiedenis en Design 46(2024), coming 2024.

Edited Volume Article

  • Rys, Lizzy, and Marjan Sterckx. “La Femme Nouvelle : Veranderende Vrouw(En)Beelden.” Yvonne Serruys : Beeldhouwer van de Nieuwe Vrouw, edited by Marjan Sterckx, Snoeck, 2023, pp. 196–233.
  • Rys, Lizzy. “Curating hierarchies: the case of Hélène De Rudder and Bakuba textiles at the 1897 Brussels World’s Fair.” A Critical Art History of International and World Expositions. Decentering Fashion and Modernities, Transcript, coming 2025.

Lectures

  • Rys, Lizzy, “Maison Lipman, the forgotten glory of the couturières,” at Revers – Belgian Fashion Research Network, 2022.
  • Rys, Lizzy, “Curating Hierarchies: the Case of Hélène De Rudder and Bakuba Textiles at the 1897 Brussels World’s Fair,” at Study Day The Fashion of the ‘Gesamtkunstwerk’: Decentering Art Nouveau Style at International Exhibitions, coming 2024.
  • Rys, Lizzy, “Elisabeth D’Aubreby Van Swae (1829-1902).Casestudy van een Brusselse couturière in negentiende-eeuws Europa,” at Studiedag Historisch Interieur en Design, coming 2024.

As a part of the World Fairs project, Rys aims to investigate the role of fashion and textiles in the International Exhibitions held in Belgium between 1897 and 1913. An analysis of the way in which Belgium presented its textiles and fashions (ready-made garments or confection) during these World Fairs, and a comparison to other neighboring countries such as France, the Netherlands and Germany, will provide a first look at the interplay between fashion, nationalism, and globalization around the turn of the century in Belgium.

A comparison of four expositions will be conducted through the fashion sections, the Colonial Pavilions and the presented fashion in pavilions of other countries.A broader look at the size of the fashion sections, the number and style of the shown garments aims to construct a more detailed context of Belgian fashion history at these Exhibitions.

Researching the recurring dressmakers whose work was presented on multiple occasions gives an indication of which ones were considered representative of Belgian fashion at that time. Looking at Belgian textile producers, or dressmakers, that had profitable economic relations with Congo between 1897 and 1913, or lack thereof, shines a light on the influential figures in this colonial story.

By doing this, the direct influence of colonialism on the Belgian fashion industry becomes clear. The ways in which Congolese garments and fabrics were displayed, and received by the public is something that can inform as well on how colonialism and racism manifested itself in these areas.

By looking at several topics over the course of these four expositions, changes in Belgian (colonial) fashion discourse will become visible. Rys’ study looks at Belgian (colonial) history from a fashion and textile perspective; how these mediums were used by the nation to present itself at International Expositions. Her research also forms an opportunity to gain a better understanding of Belgian fashion in the long nineteenth century, offering concrete information on its important figures and the role they played in fashioning colonial Belgium.

Elena Nustrini, M.A.

UdK Berlin

Elena Nustrini CV

Elena Nustrini, MA, is a PhD. student in Art History at the University of the Arts, Berlin. Her academic research fields are the history of collections and exhibitions, art and colonial knowledge and practices, as well as botanical prints and drawings of the 17th century.

In her doctoral dissertation, under the supervision of Prof. Dr. Miriam Oesterreich and as part of the DFG-funded project “A Critical Art History of International and World Expositions: Decentering Fashion and Modernities,” she investigates the transregional artistic exchange in the visual arts that took place at national and international exhibitions both in Europe and Latin America in the second half of the 19th century. In particular, her research focuses on the genre of Realism in paintings and prints and specifically on the role of landscape representations in the construction of political and artistic identities.

Nustrini graduated in 2022 with a master's thesis on botanical drawings and still life paintings by the Dutch artist Albert Eckhout (1608/12–1664/66). In her Master's thesis, she examined the role of art in the process of appropriation of the colony of Dutch Brazil (1637-1644) focusing on the assimilation of colonial botanical drawings into the art of Dutch still life paintings, as well as on how botanical epistemological observations on the so-called “New World” were used by the colonizers to legitimize European superiority by means of a ‘naturalization’ of economic exploitation processes.

Nustrini studied art history, literature, philology, and linguistics at the Free University of Berlin, the Università la Statale in Milan (Italy), and Trinity College Dublin (Ireland) and was awarded a scholarship from the German National Academic Foundation (Studienstiftung des deutschen Volkes).

Publications

  • Nustrini, Elena. “Engraving the trans/national landscape: Argentina and Italy in the 1880s.” A Critical Art History of International and World Expositions. Decentering Fashion and Modernities, Transcript, coming 2025.

Working Title „Exhibiting the (national) landscape: trans/regional Realism in Argentina and Italy in the second half of the 19th century“

The dissertation project deals with the question of how, in the second half of the 19th century, international exhibitions and world’s fairs both in Europe and Latin America favored a transregional artistic exchange in the visual arts and how this exchange contributed to the further development of regional iconographies and styles. In particular, the project investigates the genre of Realism in paintings and prints in Argentina and Italy in a comparative approach with a focus on landscape representations.

The cultural and political gaze on the landscape in both Argentinian and Italian art histories in the late 19th century was strongly shaped by the consolidation of ‘national’ states, but also by the advent of modernity, practices of border colonialization, extractivism and migration movements. The re-semanticization of landscape iconographies (and styles) in Argentina and Italy were therefore subjected to rapid changes. At the same time, these artistic innovations were transculturally negotiated in international and world exhibitions, which came to serve as new artistic border areas or „contact zones“ (Mary Louise Pratt) of the visual arts.

The art-historical project aims to trace the development of both new iconographic ‘languages’ and Realism as a transculturally negotiated style in an always already entangled 19th century. The decentralization of the European concept of realism in favor of a ‘trans/regional realism’, which emerged along with the country’s self-representation and self-assertation on the stage of (inter)national exhibitions, will form the core of the project’s research.

Studentische Hilfskräfte

Alicia Nischwitz, B.A.

TU Darmstadt

Alicia Nischwitz schloss ihr Joint Bachelor of Arts Studium in Germanistik und Geschichte im Sommersemester 2022 an der TU Darmstadt ab.

Seit dem Wintersemester 2022 studiert sie im Master Geschichte an der TU Darmstadt.

Tobias Scholze

UdK Berlin

Tobias Scholze studierte für zwei Semester Philosophie und Kunstgeschichte an der Goethe Universität in Frankfurt am Main.

2021 begann er sein Bachelor of Arts Studium in Visueller Kommunikation an der Universität der Künste Berlin.