DFG Projekt

A Critical Art History of International and World Expositions – Decentering Fashion and Modernities

www.decentering-world-expositions.com

Das Forschungsprojekt ist eine Kooperation der Technischen Universität Darmstadt, der Universität der Künste Berlin und des Deutschen Forums für Kunstgeschichte Paris (DFK Paris) und wird von der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft gefördert (2022-2025).

Leiterinnen des Projekts

Teilprojekt: „Fashioning the World: Decentering Style and Modernity at World’s Fairs“

Prof. Dr. Alexandra Karentzos

TU Darmstadt

Teilprojekt: „De-/Colonial Modernities: Representing ‘Peripheries’ at World’s Fairs“

Prof. Dr. Miriam Oesterreich

UdK Berlin

Alphonse Mucha (1860 – 1939): St. Louis World's Fair 1904.
Alphonse Mucha (1860 – 1939): St. Louis World's Fair 1904.

Die Weltausstellungen des 19. und frühen 20. Jahrhunderts haben wichtige Impulse für die Geschichte der Kunst und Mode gesetzt. Beide waren seit Beginn der Weltausstellungen feste Bestandteile nationaler Selbst-Präsentationen. In dem Forschungsprojekt sollen Kunst und Mode im Kontext der Weltausstellungen grundlegend aufgearbeitet werden.

Damit kommt das Vorhaben drei Desideraten nach:

Erstens werden Kunst- und Modemetropolen dezentriert: Nicht nur wurde die ganze Welt auf den internationalen Ausstellungen en miniature zusammengebracht, sondern auch Objekte und Artefakte aus den unterschiedlichsten Bereichen von Technik, Handwerk, Kunst und Mode wurden in einem holistischen Modell vereint, die in der Idee des „Gesamtkunstwerks“ reflektiert wurden. Weltausstellungen haben solche Zentren des Sehens und Zeigens geschaffen und dienten dazu, Paris als Kunst- und Modemetropole zu etablieren, abgegrenzt von seinen „Peripherien“, wie den Repräsentationen der Kolonien, die im Gegensatz dazu als traditionell und ‚authentisch‘ präsentiert wurden.

Zweitens werden die damit verbundenen Modernekonstruktionen im Kontext eines „critical globalism“ hinterfragt. Die Inszenierung 'moderner' Kunst als 'nationale Schulen', die zeitgleich entstanden, war auch eine Möglichkeit, künstlerische Metropolitanität und 'Peripherie' im transnationalen Rahmen der Weltausstellungen zu verhandeln. In diesem Sinne spielten Weltausstellungen eine wichtige Rolle in einem Modernitätswettbewerb, in dem westliche Nationen als industriell, künstlerisch und modisch ‚fortschrittlich‘ galten. Besonders Lateinamerika als ‘noch nicht modern’, aber auch nicht mehr kolonisiert, nimmt im Kontext der Weltausstellungen eine ambivalente Stellung ein.

Drittens erhalten Kunstgeschichte und Fashion Studies eine neue Perspektive, indem die Verflechtungen von Kunst und Mode im Kontext der Weltausstellungen mit postkolonialer und der dekolonialer Theoriebildung fundiert werden. Solche Ansätze sind insbesondere geeignet, die Ambivalenzen herauszuarbeiten, da sie binäre Konstruktionen von Zentrum und Peripherie, Moderne und Tradition durch eine Vervielfältigung der Perspektiven erweitern.

Das Forschungsprojekt arbeitet die „entangled histories“ von Kunst und Mode auf Weltausstellungen vor dem Hintergrund von Kolonialismus, Imperialismus und Globalisierung heraus.

Anhand von Case-Studies in den beiden folgenden Schwerpunktbereichen sollen wesentliche Erkenntnisse darüber gewonnen werden, wie im vielschichtigen Kontext der Weltausstellungen Kunst und Mode miteinander verbunden wurden: 1. “Fashioning the World” (geleitet von Prof. Dr. Alexandra Karentzos) wird auf die Rolle von Mode und Textilien im globalisierten Kontext künstlerischen Austauschs auf Weltausstellungen scharfstellen; und 2. “De-/Colonial Modernities: Representing ‘Peripheries’ at World’s Fairs” (geleitet von Prof. Dr. Miriam Oesterreich) wird auf die ambivalente Position Lateinamerikas in Form `peripherer` Re-/Präsentationen fokussieren.

COMING SOON

The edited volume publication ‘A Unique Assemblage of All Things‘ – New Styles, Latin America, and re-viewing art and fashion history of international and world expositions will highlight the connections of art and fashion in the global context of the world’s fairs. Since there has not yet been any systematic examination of the concepts of modernity, globalization and of identity in art and fashion history, the publication will close this significant research gap and provide a foundational art historical investigation into these connections. It will bring together and in tension the proceedings of the two conferences held in Paris and Darmstadt respectively.

It is co-edited by the research project team – Alexandra Karentzos, Elena Nustrini, Miriam Oesterreich and Lizzy Rys – and will be the first issue in the newly established transcript publishers series “Entangled Art Histories“ (edited by Karentzos/Oesterreich)! With contributions by Paula Alaszkiewicz, Sandra Bornemann-Quecke, Rebecca Houze, Alida Jekabson, Laura Malosetti Costa, Laurens Dhaenens, Catherine Futter, Michele Greet, Clare Rose, Alejandra Uslenghi, Élodie Vaudry, and the editors.

Study Day: The Fashion of the ‘Gesamtkunstwerk’: Decentering Art Nouveau Style at International Exhibitions

  • Date
    March 22-23, 2024
  • Location
    Georg-Christoph-Lichtenberghaus (Darmstadt)

„Maison Moderne“ – programmatically, the advertizing poster by artist Manuel Orazi, displayed at the Exposition Universelle in Paris in 1900, proclaims a ‘new style’: the ornamentally dressed young woman, enthroned on a curved chair in front of a display of vases and figurines, merges with the interior and becomes an allegory of modernity and consumption herself.

More Information on the Project Page

Tobias Scholze
Tobias Scholze

Guest Lecture: The World Pictures. Universal Exhibitions & Photography

  • Guest lecture by Prof. Dr. Alejandra Uslenghi (Northwestern University)
  • Response by Dr. Friedhelm Schmidt-Welle (Ibero-American Institute Berlin)
  • Tuesday, 12 September 6 pm c.t.
  • Medienhaus, Grunewaldstr. 2-5, 10823 Berlin

Content

World Fairs were highly constructed events that sought to represent the entire world in a single fairground, resourcing to all kinds of visual technologies and media in creating an exhibitionary complex and massive spectacle informed by industrial-era theories of progress and the rhetoric of imperialism.

The theatrical display of art objects, images, and material culture reinforced the representations of cultural otherness as well as hierarchical classifications that sought to make the modern capitalist world intelligible to a modern mass audience.

Design: Tobias Scholze unter Verwendung einer Fotografie von Hippolyte Blancard: Pavilions of Argentina, Bolivia and Venezuela partially seen through the base of the Eiffel Tower. Universal Exposition, Paris, 1889. Bibliotheque nationale de France. Estampes et Photographie.
Design: Tobias Scholze unter Verwendung einer Fotografie von Hippolyte Blancard: Pavilions of Argentina, Bolivia and Venezuela partially seen through the base of the Eiffel Tower. Universal Exposition, Paris, 1889. Bibliotheque nationale de France. Estampes et Photographie.

Photography, since the first London 1851 Exhibition, accompanied the expansion of this visual culture phenomenon as it itself developed in multiple forms and practices; photography was at the core of the exhibitions’ forms of visualization, an object of display itself, and it served to document and perpetuate the legacy of the fairs.

This presentation will examine the diverse roles photography played within the exhibitions putting in perspective the crafting of images for documentary registers of alterity and racialized subjects; the use of photographs in the production of frameworks of intelligibility in territorial surveys and extractivist practices; as well as the deployment of photography in the creation of counter-archives that allowed for epistemic resistances to these regimes of visibility.

In an arch that covers historically several key exhibitions both in Europe and the Americas — Centennial Philadelphia Exhibition in 1876; the Paris exhibitions of 1889 and 1900 when the first international congress of photography took place — we interrogate the photographic archive of World’s Fairs and its contested cultural meanings.

The lecture will be held in English and presented by Elena Nustrini and Miriam Oesterreich.

The lecture will be responded by Dr. Friedhelm Schmidt-Welle (Ibero-American Institute Berlin)

The lecture is part of the DFG-funded research project „A Critical Art History of International and World Exposition – De/Centering Fashion and Modernities“ (UdK Berlin/TU Darmstadt)

Study Day: De-/centering World’s Fairs: Representing Latin American ‘Peripheries’ in Arts and Fashion

  • Date
    September 20-21, 2023
  • Location
    Deutsches Forum für Kunstgeschichte Paris
    Hôtel Lully
    45, rue des Petits Champs
    F-75001 Paris

The world’s fairs of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries gave rise to significant impulses in the histories of art and fashion. From the very beginning – and this is particularly true for the five expositions universelles held in Paris between 1855 and 1900 – both were fixed components of nations’ self-presentations at the world’s fairs. Diverse artistic genres and artistic conceptions, as well as fashion, clothing, and textiles played a leading role in the construction of national, cultural, or ethnic identities.

More Information on the Project Page

Design: Tobias Scholze unter Verwendung einer Lithographie der Exposition Universelle 1889, Maison de la Belle Jardinière, Méxique, Lith. H. Sicard Paris © iconothèque MNATP
Design: Tobias Scholze unter Verwendung einer Lithographie der Exposition Universelle 1889, Maison de la Belle Jardinière, Méxique, Lith. H. Sicard Paris © iconothèque MNATP

In September 2023, Prof. Dr. Alejandra Uslenghi was invited to spend five days of her residency in Berlin and nine days in Paris with the project team doing research in archives, museums, collections, workshops, and the Paris study day together.

Dr. Alejandra Uslenghi is Associate Professor in Latin American literature and culture and Comparative Literary studies at Northwestern University. She specializes in modernist literature and visual culture, with an emphasis on the history of photography, and critical theory and philosophy of the image. She has also researched the visual phenomenon of world fairs both in Europe and the Americas.

She is the author of Latin America at fin-de-siècle Universal Exhibitions: Modern Cultures of Visuality (Palgrave, London and New York, 2016); the editor of Walter Benjamin: Culturas de la imagen (Eterna Cadencia, Argentina, 2010) and co-editor of La cámara como método. La fotografía moderna de Grete Stern y Horacio Coppola (Eterna Cadencia, Argentina, 2021).  Her essays on 19th-century visual culture have appeared in Revista Estudios Hispánicos; Revista Hispánica Moderna and more recently in the volume Latin American Literature in Transition, 1870-1930 (Cambridge University Press, 2022). Her essays on modern photography have been published in Journal of Latin American Cultural Studies and newly in The Routledge Companion to Twentieth and Twenty-First Century Latin American Literary and Cultural Forms (Routledge, London, 2022).

Professor Uslenghi also regularly contributes essays to contemporary Latin American artists and photographers' projects, such as Oscar Muñoz. Invisibilia (Phoenix Art Museum and Hirmer Publishers, 2021); Gonzalo Elvira. Leer el sueño (Centro de Arte de Burgos, 2022) and has written for art catalogs, such as Art – Latin America. Against the Survey (edited and curated by James Oles, Davis Museum and University of Texas Press, 2019) and Who says, Who shows, What counts: Thinking about History with the Block's Collection (Northwestern University, 2021).

For March 2024, Prof. Dr. Rebecca Houze is invited to spend 14 days of residency in Darmstadt and Erlangen/Nürnberg with the project team doing research in archives, museums, collections, workshops, and the Darmstadt study day together.

Rebecca Houze is Professor of Art and Design History at Northern Illinois University. Her research concerns women designers as well as the ways in which women's interests have influenced design. She is author of Textile, Fashion, and Design Reform in Austria-Hungary Before the First World War: Principles of Dress (Ashgate, 2015) and New Mythologies in Design and Culture: Reading Signs and Symbols in the Visual Landscape (Bloomsbury, 2016).

Her recent publications include, with Grace Lees-Maffei, Design and Heritage: The Construction of Identity and Belonging (Routledge, 2022) and the Design History Reader (second edition, Bloomsbury, 2024) and with Sylvia and Victor Margolin, World History of Design, vol. 3, Europe and North America 1945-2000 (Bloomsbury, 2024). Rebecca served on the Editorial Board of the Journal of Design History from 2017-2022. She is currently working on a new book about world's fairs and national parks in the United States.

DFG Projekt Team

Professorinnen

Prof. Dr. phil. Alexandra Karentzos

TU Darmstadt

Alexandra Karentzos CV

Alexandra Karentzos, Dr. phil., ist Kunst- und Kulturwissenschaftlerin und seit 2011 Professorin für Mode und Ästhetik an der Technischen Universität Darmstadt.

Prof. Dr. Miriam Oesterreich

UdK Berlin

Miriam Oesterreich CV

Miriam Oesterreich, Dr., ist seit dem Sommersemester 2021 Professorin für Theorie der Gestaltung/Gender Studies an der Universität der Künste Berlin.

Doktorandinnen

Lizzy Rys, M.A.

TU Darmstadt

Lizzy Rys CV

Lizzy Rys, M.A., is a Ph.D. student at the Technical University of Darmstadt where she researches fashion on Belgian World Fairs of the Nineteenth Century.

She obtained her Master in Art History at the Ghent University in 2023.

Journal Articles

  • Rys, Lizzy. “Mme D’Aubreby Van Swae (1829-1902),” Tijdschrift voor Interieurgeschiedenis en Design 45 (2023), pp. 107-110.
  • Rys, Lizzy. „D'Aubreby Van Swae. Drie generaties Belgische mode tussen traditie en vernieuwing (ca. 1815-1929),“ Tijdschrift voor Interieurgeschiedenis en Design 46(2024), coming 2025.

Edited Volume Articles

  • Rys, Lizzy, and Marjan Sterckx. “La Femme Nouvelle : Veranderende Vrouw(En)Beelden.” Yvonne Serruys : Beeldhouwer van de Nieuwe Vrouw, edited by Marjan Sterckx, Snoeck, 2023, pp. 196–233.
  • Rys, Lizzy. „Curating hierarchies: the case of Hélène De Rudder and Bakuba textiles at the 1897 Brussels World's Fair.“ In A unique Assemblage of all Things’ – New styles, Latin America, and reviewing art and fashion history of international and world expositions, edited by Alexandra Karentzos, et al., eds. Bielefeld: transcript, coming 2025.

Co-Edited Publications

  • Karentzos, Alexandra. Miriam Oesterreich, Elena Nustrini and Lizzy Rys, A unique Assemblage of all Things’ – New styles, Latin America, and reviewing art and fashion history of international and world expositions. Bielefeld: transcript, coming 2025.

As a part of the World’s Fairs Project, Rys aims to investigate the role of fashion in the international exhibitions held in Belgium between 1885 and 1913. An analysis of the way in which Belgium presented its fashion (confection as well as couture) during these world’s fairs, and a comparison to other neighboring countries such as France, the Netherlands and Germany, will provide a first look at the interplay between fashion, nationalism, and globalization in turn-of-the-century Belgium.

A comparison of multiple expositions will be conducted through their respective fashion sections. A broader look at the quantitative characteristics of each fashion pavilion, as well as a qualitative analysis of the constructed definitions of fashion-related concepts and how they evolved through time, and a look at the deciding forces behind these pavilions’ organization aim to construct a more detailed understanding of Belgian fashion history at these exhibitions.

The (evolution of the) presentation of fashion and fashion-adjacent articles are also approached from different intersectional perspectives. Conscious attention will be given to the position of women at these world’s fairs in relation to fashion production and consumption, as well as the way labor was shown at the pavilions and what is says about the idealization or addressing of Belgian fashion production at that time. Lastly, a decolonial critique is implemented. Connecting the financial support, material composition, and ‘Othering’ of fashion, brings to light the often-neglected relationship between fashion and colonial history.

Rys’ study navigates the different narratives presented at Belgian world’s fairs, placing them in their respective theoretical and historical contexts, and seeks to critically deconstruct this singular story in favor of a richer uncovering of Belgian nineteenth-century fashion.

Elena Nustrini, M.A.

UdK Berlin

Elena Nustrini CV

Elena Nustrini, M.A., is a PhD. student in Art History at the University of the Arts, Berlin. Her academic research fields are the history of collections and exhibitions, art and colonial knowledge and practices, as well as botanical prints and drawings of the 17th century.

In her doctoral dissertation, under the supervision of Prof. Dr. Miriam Oesterreich and as part of the DFG-funded project “A Critical Art History of International and World Expositions: Decentering Fashion and Modernities,” she investigates the transregional artistic exchange in the visual arts that took place at national and international exhibitions both in Europe and Latin America in the second half of the 19th century. In particular, her research focuses on the genre of Realism in paintings and prints and specifically on the role of landscape representations in the construction of political and artistic identities.

Nustrini graduated in 2022 with a master's thesis on botanical drawings and still life paintings by the Dutch artist Albert Eckhout (1608/12–1664/66). In her Master's thesis, she examined the role of art in the process of appropriation of the colony of Dutch Brazil (1637-1644) focusing on the assimilation of colonial botanical drawings into the art of Dutch still life paintings, as well as on how botanical epistemological observations on the so-called “New World” were used by the colonizers to legitimize European superiority by means of a ‘naturalization’ of economic exploitation processes.

Nustrini studied art history, literature, philology, and linguistics at the Free University of Berlin, the Università la Statale in Milan (Italy), and Trinity College Dublin (Ireland) and was awarded a scholarship from the German National Academic Foundation (Studienstiftung des deutschen Volkes).

Publications

  • Nustrini, Elena. “Engraving the trans/national landscape: Argentina and Italy in the 1880s.” A Critical Art History of International and World Expositions. Decentering Fashion and Modernities, Transcript, coming 2025.

Working Title „Exhibiting the (national) landscape: trans/regional Realism in Argentina and Italy in the second half of the 19th century“

The dissertation project deals with the question of how, in the second half of the 19th century, international exhibitions and world’s fairs both in Europe and Latin America favored a transregional artistic exchange in the visual arts and how this exchange contributed to the further development of regional iconographies and styles. In particular, the project investigates the genre of Realism in paintings and prints in Argentina and Italy in a comparative approach with a focus on landscape representations.

The cultural and political gaze on the landscape in both Argentinian and Italian art histories in the late 19th century was strongly shaped by the consolidation of ‘national’ states, but also by the advent of modernity, practices of border colonialization, extractivism and migration movements. The re-semanticization of landscape iconographies (and styles) in Argentina and Italy were therefore subjected to rapid changes. At the same time, these artistic innovations were transculturally negotiated in international and world exhibitions, which came to serve as new artistic border areas or „contact zones“ (Mary Louise Pratt) of the visual arts.

The art-historical project aims to trace the development of both new iconographic ‘languages’ and Realism as a transculturally negotiated style in an always already entangled 19th century. The decentralization of the European concept of realism in favor of a ‘trans/regional realism’, which emerged along with the country’s self-representation and self-assertation on the stage of (inter)national exhibitions, will form the core of the project’s research.

Studentische Hilfskräfte

Katharina Skalicki

TU Darmstadt

Katharina Skalicki studiert aktuell im Joint Bachelor Geschichte und Politikwissenschaften an der Technischen Universität in Darmstadt.

Tobias Scholze

UdK Berlin

Tobias Scholze studierte für zwei Semester Philosophie und Kunstgeschichte an der Goethe Universität in Frankfurt am Main.

2021 begann er sein Bachelor of Arts Studium in Visueller Kommunikation an der Universität der Künste Berlin.